Jerome, Arizona - Wikipedia. Jerome is a town in the Black Hills of Yavapai County in the State of Arizona. Founded in the late 1. Cleopatra Hill overlooking the Verde Valley, it is more than 5,0. It is about 1. 00 miles (1. Phoenix along State Route 8. A between Sedona and Prescott. Supported in its heyday by rich copper mines, it was home to more than 1. As of the 2. 01. 0 census, its population was 4. Tectonic plate movements, plate collisions, uplift, deposition, erosion, and other geologic processes eventually exposed the tip of one of the ore bodies and pushed the other close to the surface, both near Jerome. In the late 1. 9th century, the United Verde Mine, developed by William A. Clark, extracted ore bearing copper, gold, silver, and other metals from the larger of the two. The United Verde Extension (UVX) Mine, owned by James Douglas, Jr., depended on the other huge deposit. In total, the copper deposits discovered in the vicinity of Jerome were among the richest ever found in any time or place. Reflection Jerome was a strong, outspoken man. He had the virtues and the unpleasant fruits of being a fearless critic and all the usual moral problems of a man. He was, as someone has said, no admirer of moderation whether in virtue or against evil.For Jerome Dreyfuss, handbags must first be practical. Playfulness is second, and beauty comes naturally. The designer began his career in 1995, working for John Galliano, and after a stint designing his own apparel collection, Dreyfuss began dabbling in handbag. Jerome Dreyfuss VanessaBruno Gianni Chiarini rouge & lounge COLLECTION JeromeDreyfuss VanessaBruno Gianni Chiarini rouge & lounge MEDIA JeromeDreyfuss STORE JeromeDreyfuss VanessaBruno Gianni Chiarini rouge & lounge. 347 – 30 September 420), full name Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, is best known as the translator of the Bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin. Jerome's edition, the Vulgate, is still the official biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church. Jerome made news in 1. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) led to the expulsion at gunpoint of about 6. IWW members, who were loaded on a cattle car and shipped west. Production at the mines, always subject to fluctuations for various reasons, boomed during World War I, fell thereafter, rose again, then fell again during and after the Great Depression. As the ore deposits became exhausted, the mines closed, and the population dwindled to fewer than 1. Efforts to save the town from oblivion succeeded when residents turned to tourism and retail sales. Jerome became a National Historic Landmark in 1. Saint Jerome Emiliani Saint of the Day for February 9 (1486 – February 8, 1537) https://www.franciscanmedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/SODFeb09.mp3 Saint Jerome Emiliani’s Story A careless and irreligious soldier for the city-state of Venice, Jerome was. 347 – 30 September 420) was a priest, confessor, theologian and historian. He was the son of Eusebius, born at Stridon, a village near Emona on the. Jerome, and what are as transcendent as these, are on the walls of the Vatican, the Uffizii, or the Louvre, where every footman may see them; to say nothing of Nature's pictures in every street, of sunsets and sunrises every day, and the sculpture of the human body. Jerome Tourism: TripAdvisor has 7,720 reviews of Jerome Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Jerome resource. Prices are based on 1-21 day travel. These are the best fares found by travelers who searched TripAdvisor and a select group of. In the early 2. 1st century, Jerome has art galleries, coffee houses, restaurants, wineries, and a state park and local museum devoted to mining history. Geography. Other nearby communities include Clarkdale, Cottonwood, and Prescott Valley, all along Route 8. A. Bitter Creek, a tributary of the Verde River, flows intermittently through Jerome. Created by a massive caldera eruption in Precambrian seas south of what later became northern Arizona, the Cleopatra tuff was then part of a small tectonic plate that was moving toward the proto- North American continent. After the eruption, cold sea water entered Earth's crust through cracks caused by the eruption. Heated by rising magma to perhaps 6. When the hot solution emerged from a hydrothermal vent at the bottom of the ocean, its dissolved minerals solidified and fell to the sea floor. The accumulating sulfide deposits from two such vents formed the ore bodies, the United Verde and the UVX, most important to Jerome 1. About 5. 0 million years after they were deposited, the tectonic plate of which they were a part collided with another small plate and then with the proto- North American continent. The collisions, which welded the plates to the continent, folded the Cleopatra tuff in such a way that the two ore bodies ended up on opposite sides of a fold called the Jerome anticline. Evidence from the Grand Canyon, further north in Arizona, suggests that thick layers of sediment may have been laid down atop the ore bodies and later eroded away. The gap in the rock record has been called The Great Unconformity. About 5. 25 million years ago, when northern Arizona was at the bottom of a shallow sea, a thin layer of sediment called the Tapeats Sandstone was deposited over the Cleopatra formation. Limestones and other sediments accumulated above the sandstone until about 7. Laramide Orogeny created new mountains and new faults in the region. One of these faults, the Verde Fault, runs directly under Jerome along the Jerome anticline. Crustal stretching beginning about 1. Basin and Range topography in central and southern Arizona. This movement exposed the tip of the United Verde ore body at one place on Cleopatra Hill and moved the UVX ore body to 1,0. Hickey Formation basalts, laid down between 1. UVX headframes and Jerome State Historic Park. The town is underlain by 8. Jerome structures that slid slowly downhill during decades of active mining. The United Verde open pit, about 3. Cleopatra Hill, which is marked with a large . The side of the pit consists of Precambrian gabbro. Mine shafts beneath the pit extend to 4,2. Mining at this location ceased in 1. History. Later, in 1. Spanish exploring expedition made note of the ore. In 1. 88. 0, Frederick Augustus Tritle, a governor of the Arizona Territory, and Frederick F. Thomas, a mining engineer from San Francisco, bought these claims from the original owners. In 1. 88. 3, with the aid of eastern financiers including James A. Mac. Donald and Eugene Jerome of New York City, they created the United Verde Copper Company. The small adjacent mining camp on Cleopatra Hill was named Jerome in honor of Eugene Jerome, who became the company secretary. United Verde built a small smelter at Jerome and constructed wagon roads from it to Prescott, the Verde Valley, and the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad depot at Ash Fork. However, transport by wagon was expensive, and in late 1. Clark in about 1. William A. Clark, who had made a fortune in mining and commercial ventures in Montana, bought the United Verde properties and, among other improvements, enlarged the smelter. He also ordered construction of a narrow gauge railway, the United Verde & Pacific, to Jerome Junction, a railway transfer point 2. As mining of the ore expanded, Jerome's population grew from 2. By then the United Verde Mine had become the leading copper producer in the Arizona Territory, employing about 8. Over its 7. 7- year life (1. It added a schoolhouse in 1. After four major fires between 1. Jerome was incorporated as a town in 1. Incorporation made it possible to collect taxes to build a formal fire- fighting system and to establish building codes that prohibited tents and other fire hazards within the town limits. Local merchant and rancher William Munds was the first mayor. By 1. 90. 0, Jerome had churches, fraternal organizations, and a downtown with brick buildings, telephone service, and electric lights. In addition to banks, hotels, and stores, among the thriving businesses were many associated with alcohol, gambling, and prostitution, serving a population that was 7. In 1. 90. 3, the New York Sun proclaimed Jerome to be . In 1. 91. 4, a separate company, the United Verde Extension Mining Company (UVX), led by James S. The UVX Mine, also known as the Little Daisy Mine, became spectacularly profitable: during 1. Total production amounted to four million tons, much less than the United Verde total, but uncommonly rich, averaging more than 1. These companies employed about 3,0. Jerome's population rose to an estimated 1. Meanwhile, United Verde was building a large smelter complex and company town, Clarkdale, and a standard gauge railway, the Verde Tunnel and Smelter Railroad, to haul ore from its mine to the new smelter. After the new railway opened in 1. Jerome smelter and converted the mine to an open- pit operation. The switch from underground to open- pit mining stemmed from a series of fires, some burning for decades, in the mine's high- sulfur ores. Removing the overburden and pouring a mixture of water, waste ore, and sand into rock fissures helped control the fires. Mine Museum, right. In 1. 91. 7, two miners' strikes involving the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), which had been organizing strikes elsewhere in Arizona and other states, took place in Jerome. Seen as a threat by business interests as well as other labor unions, the Wobblies, as they were called, were subject nationally to sometimes violent harassment. The labor situation in Jerome was complicated at the time by the existence of three separate labor unions. The MMSW, which in May called a strike against United Verde, regarded the rival IWW with animosity and would not recognize it as legitimate. In response, the IWW members threatened to break the strike. Under pressure, the MMSW voted 4. In this case, the MMSW voted 4. Three days later, about 2. IWW members, loaded them onto a railroad cattle car, and shipped them out of town. Nine were arrested and jailed temporarily in Prescott though never charged with a crime; others were taken to Needles, California, then to Kingman, Arizona, where they were released after promising to desist from labor agitation. Copper prices rose to 2. United Verde and UVX operated at near capacity. Wages rose, consumers spent, and the town's businesses. United Verde, seeking stable labor relations, added disability and life insurance benefits for its workers and built a baseball field, tennis courts, swimming pools, and a public park in Jerome. Both companies donated to the Jerome Public Library and helped finance projects for the town's schools, churches, and hospitals. In 1. 93. 0, after the start of the Great Depression, the price of copper fell to 1. In response, United Verde began reducing its work force; UVX operated at a loss, and a third big mine, Verde Central, closed completely. The price of copper fell further in 1. Verde District. In 1. Clark family sold United Verde to Phelps Dodge, and in 1. UVX went out of business. Meanwhile, a subsidence problem that had irreparably damaged at least 1. Dozens of buildings, including the post office and jail, were lost as the earth beneath them sank away. Contributing causes were geologic faulting in the area, blast vibrations from the mines, and erosion that may have been exacerbated by vegetation- killing smelter smoke. Mining continued at a reduced level in the Verde District until 1. Phelps Dodge shut down the United Verde Mine and related operations. Jerome's population subsequently fell below 1. To prevent the town from disappearing completely, its remaining residents turned to tourism and retail sales. They organized the Jerome Historical Society in 1. After 1. 95. 3. In 1. Jimmy Douglas donated the Douglas mansion, above the UVX mine site, to the State of Arizona, which used it to create Jerome State Historic Park.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
December 2016
Categories |